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- EyeWitness to History. The Fall of Rome, 2007. http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/fallofrome.htm
- Parkes, James. The Conflict of the Church and the Synagogue: A Study in the Origins of Antisemitism. Translated by Paul Halsall. Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Fordham University, 1998. https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/300-800-laws-jews.asp
- Procopius. History of the Wars, 7 vols. Translated by Paul Halsall. Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Fordham University, 1998. https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/ancient/410alaric.asp
- St Jerome. Letter 23 to Aguruchia. Translated by Paul Halsall. Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Fordham University, 2023. https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/source/409jerome-lamentforrome.asp

Secondary Sources
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- Chakra, Hayden. Fall of The Western Roman Empire. About History, 2021 .https://about-history.com/fall-of-the-western-roman-empire/?amp
- Frater, Jamie. The Astonishing Odour of History. Frater, 2019. https://frater.com/blogs/news/the-odour-of-history
- Kelly B. John. 6e. Gladiators, Chariots, and the Roman Games. US History. Ancient Civilizations Online Textbook, 2023. https://www.ushistory.org/civ/6e.asp#:~:text=Occasionally%2C%20the%20gladiators%20were%20able,actually%20volunteered%20to%20be%20gladiators
- Koloski-Ostrow O. Ann. Raising A Really Big Stink. Brandeis Magazine, 2013. https://www.brandeis.edu/magazine/2013/spring/arts-and-culture/roman%20smells.html#:~:text=During%20the%20building's%20first%20100,gorging%20on%20all%20that%20flesh.
- Low-Chappell Samuel. Bravery in the Face of Death: Gladiatorial Games and Those Who Watched Them, 2014. https://www.mcgill.ca/classics/files/classics/2014-15-03.pdf
- Ralls, Eric. Study reveals that ancient Rome smelled like patchouli. Earth.com, 2023 https://www.earth.com/news/study-reveals-that-ancient-rome-smelled-like-patchouli/
- University of Washington. The Pantheon. Honors Program in Rome, 2004. https://depts.washington.edu/hrome/Authors/asc1/ThePantheon/pub_zbarticle_view_printable.html#:~:text=In%20part%2C%20the%20Pantheon%20was,various%20gods%2C%20and%20deified%20emperors.